Pololu 4823 / 1583 Metal Gearmotor 25D mm LP 6V - 20.4:1 Gear ratio

The Pololu 4823 Metal Gearmotor is a compact 25D mm low-power DC motor with integrated metal gearbox delivering a 20.4:1 reduction ratio, engineered for precision robotics and automation applications requiring controlled torque and speed. Professional roboticists, embedded systems engineers, and industrial automation technicians rely on this motor for mobile robot platforms, wheeled vehicle propulsion, conveyor systems, and precision mechanical assemblies where compact form factor meets reliable performance. This gearmotor solves the critical challenge of balancing motor speed reduction with minimal backlash and mechanical efficiency in space-constrained designs.

Product Overview

The Pololu 4823 is a brushed DC gearmotor combining a high-speed motor with a precision metal gear train to deliver optimized torque output at reduced speeds. Operating at 6V nominal voltage, this motor achieves approximately 300 RPM output shaft speed with the 20.4:1 gear ratio, making it ideal for direct-drive wheel applications in robotics without requiring additional speed reduction stages. The metal gearbox construction ensures superior durability compared to plastic alternatives, with hardened steel gears minimizing wear and extending operational lifespan in continuous-duty applications. The compact 25D millimeter diameter housing integrates seamlessly into mobile robot chassis designs while maintaining adequate power density for demanding mechanical loads.

This gearmotor features low mechanical backlash typical of quality metal gear assemblies, critical for precise positioning applications and smooth motion control in autonomous systems. The 6V rated voltage provides excellent compatibility with standard lithium polymer battery packs, lead-acid batteries, and regulated power supplies commonly used in robotics platforms. The motor shaft features a D-shaped profile compatible with standard Pololu wheel hubs and coupling mechanisms, enabling rapid mechanical integration without custom machining. Thermal management is optimized through natural convection cooling of the metal housing, allowing sustained operation under moderate duty cycles without thermal shutdown concerns.

Key Specifications

Key Features

• Metal Gearbox Construction: Hardened steel gears deliver superior durability and minimal backlash compared to plastic gear assemblies, ensuring precise motion control and extended service life in continuous-duty robotics applications
• Optimized Gear Ratio: 20.4:1 reduction provides ideal balance between torque multiplication and output speed for direct-drive wheel applications in mobile robots without additional mechanical stages
• Compact 25D Form Factor: Space-efficient cylindrical housing integrates seamlessly into standard robot chassis designs while maintaining adequate power density for demanding mechanical loads
• 6V DC Compatibility: Rated voltage provides excellent compatibility with standard lithium polymer battery packs, lead-acid batteries, and regulated power supplies commonly deployed in robotics platforms
• D-Shaped Shaft Profile: Motor shaft features standard D-profile geometry compatible with Pololu wheel hubs and coupling mechanisms, enabling rapid mechanical integration without custom machining
• Low Mechanical Backlash: Precision metal gear assembly minimizes rotational play critical for smooth motion control and accurate positioning in autonomous systems and mechanical assemblies

Applications and Use Cases

• Mobile Robot Propulsion: Direct-drive wheel motor for differential-drive and omnidirectional mobile robots requiring controlled acceleration, smooth velocity profiles, and reliable torque delivery across varied terrain
• Autonomous Vehicle Development: Primary motor for small-scale autonomous ground vehicles, line-following robots, and obstacle-avoidance platforms in educational and research robotics programs
• Precision Mechanical Assemblies: Gearmotor for conveyor systems, robotic arm joint actuation, and automated machinery requiring low-speed high-torque output with minimal mechanical backlash
• Embedded Control Systems: Motor platform for motion control education, embedded systems projects, and real-time control algorithm development with direct microcontroller integration via H-bridge drivers
• Industrial Automation Equipment: Component for small-scale manufacturing automation, material handling systems, and precision positioning mechanisms in laboratory and production environments

How to Use

The Pololu 4823 gearmotor integrates directly into robot chassis designs through the D-shaped output shaft, which accepts standard Pololu wheel hubs secured with a set screw. Mount the motor housing to your chassis frame using the integrated mounting brackets or custom aluminum mounts designed for the 25D form factor. Electrical connections require only two wires connected to an H-bridge motor driver circuit controlled by your microcontroller, typically an Arduino or similar embedded platform. Apply 6V DC across the motor terminals with correct polarity to achieve forward rotation; reversing polarity reverses direction. Current draw varies with mechanical load but typically ranges from 100mA at no-load to 2-3 amps under stalled conditions, requiring appropriately rated power supplies and motor drivers with adequate current capacity.

For optimal performance, implement closed-loop speed control using encoder feedback or load-based current monitoring to maintain consistent velocity across varying terrain and battery voltage conditions. The motor generates back-EMF proportional to shaft speed, enabling speed estimation through voltage measurement across a series resistor in the motor circuit. Thermal management is passive through the metal housing; monitor current draw during extended operation and implement duty-cycle control if sustained high-current operation exceeds thermal limits. Mechanical maintenance is minimal due to sealed metal gearbox construction, but periodic inspection of the D-shaft and hub connection ensures secure coupling and prevents slippage during high-torque maneuvers.

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